Growing Nasturtium for a Peppy Garden
Welcome, fellow botanists and plant lovers! Today I’m going to tell you about a sagey little herb that may just be flying under your radar – Salvia Chamaedryoides, or germander sage. Now I know what you’re thinking – “sage? again? Don’t they all pretty much taste the same?”
Au contraire, my green-thumbed friend! Germander sage is a unique herb with a spicy little secret that sets it apart from its more popular culinary cousins. Its delicate gray-green leaves have an unexpectedly potent flavor that is perfect for perking up everything from roasted vegetables to vinaigrettes.
Plus, did I mention it’s truly gorgeous? With its masses of blue flowers that bloom for months, germander sage is as lovely to look at as it is delightful to cook with. So if you’re looking to add an elegant, eye-catching herb to your garden that you’ll actually want to use in the kitchen, keep reading to discover how to grow this underrated beauty!
Quick Care Guide
Overview | Details |
---|---|
Common Name(s) | Nasturtium, Tropaeolum |
Scientific Name | Tropaeolum majus |
Family | Tropaeolaceae |
Height | Up to 1-2 meters (climbing varieties), 30-45 cm (dwarf varieties) |
Light | Full sun to partial shade |
Water | Water regularly, but do not overwater. Allow soil to dry between waterings |
Soil | Well-drained soil. Prefers poor to moderately fertile soil |
Fertilizer | Not necessary. Excessive fertilizer can lead to more foliage and fewer blooms |
Pests and Diseases | Aphids, caterpillars, and whiteflies. Mildew and rot if overwatered or in high humidity |
Please note that while Nasturtiums are generally easy to grow and care for, they can be susceptible to pests and diseases. It’s important to keep an eye on them and treat any issues as soon as possible. You should also make sure they have the correct light and water conditions to thrive.
All About Nasturtium
Nasturtium, scientifically known as Tropaeolum majus, is a flowering plant that is as beautiful as it is beneficial. Frequently renowned for its vibrant flowers that come in a variety of colors ranging from yellow to red, Nasturtium is a sight to behold in any garden. But the appeal of Nasturtium extends beyond its aesthetic value.
Nasturtium is a fast-growing, low maintenance plant that is ideal for novice gardeners. It thrives in full sun to partial shade and prefers well-drained soil. While it can tolerate poor soil, Nasturtium will produce larger and more plentiful blossoms if grown in nutrient-rich soil. Watering should be moderate, as the plant prefers slightly dry conditions to overly wet soil.
What sets Nasturtium apart is its edible nature. Both the leaves and flowers of Nasturtium are edible, adding a peppery taste similar to watercress to salads and other culinary creations. They are packed with vitamins C and D, iron, and other minerals, making them an attractive addition to a health-conscious diet. The flowers also make an attractive garnish, bringing a pop of color to dishes.
In addition to their culinary uses, Nasturtiums have been used medicinally for centuries. They have natural antibiotic properties and were used to treat minor scrapes and cuts. The leaves were also used to treat respiratory and urinary tract infections.
Furthermore, Nasturtium serves as a beneficial plant in the garden. It is often used in companion planting due to its ability to repel a variety of garden pests, including aphids, whiteflies, and several types of beetles. Its ability to attract beneficial insects like bees and butterflies also makes it a valuable addition to any garden.
Nasturtium Varieties
There are a number of Nasturtium varieties that have graced our gardens and plates over the years. Here’s a detailed guide on some of the most popular ones:
- ‘Alaska Series’: This stunning variety of Nasturtium is renowned for its variegated leaves, which are marbled with cream against a rich green background. The bright, cheerful flowers are available in shades of orange, yellow, and red. As its name implies, the ‘Alaska Series’ is known for its hardiness, making it a great choice for cooler climates.
- ‘Jewel Mix’: The ‘Jewel Mix’ is a classic Nasturtium variety. It boasts an array of colorful flowers that range from shades of yellow to deep, rich reds. The leaves of the ‘Jewel Mix’ are a deep, lush green. This variety is treasured for its vigorous growth and prolific blooming.
- ‘Empress of India’: This variety of Nasturtium stands out due to its deep, crimson-red flowers and striking blue-green foliage. The ‘Empress of India’ is a historic variety that was popular during the Victorian era. Its unusual scent has been described as a cross between a culinary herb and a floral fragrance.
- ‘Peach Melba’: This variety of Nasturtium is a more modern introduction. The ‘Peach Melba’ features delicate, creamy-yellow flowers with a bright orange-red center, resembling the colors of the dessert it was named after. Its scent is mild and sweet, much like the dessert itself.
- ‘Whirlybird Series’: As the name suggests, the ‘Whirlybird Series’ is known for its distinctive, frilled leaves and upward-facing flowers. The flowers come in a wide range of colors, from soft yellows and oranges to vibrant reds. This variety has little to no scent and is often used for its ornamental value.
Although each variety has its unique characteristics in terms of looks and scent, all share the signature peppery taste, hardiness, pest-repellant properties, and health benefits associated with Nasturtiums. Regardless of the specific variety you choose, you can expect a showy, beneficial, and delicious addition to your garden and kitchen.
Nasturtium Care Procedures
Tropical countries are ideal for growing Nasturtium, but with proper care and maintenance, it can survive in other climates as well. Here are some tips to ensure your Nasturtium thrives:
Light and Temperature
Nasturtium enjoys a good dose of sunlight and warmth to thrive. Here’s how to ensure they get just the right conditions:
- Light: Nasturtiums prefer full sun to partial shade. In areas with intense summer heat, a location with afternoon shade can help protect the plants from scorching. It’s important to note that while they can tolerate partial shade, growth and bloom may be reduced without ample sunlight.
- Temperature: These plants are happiest in cooler climates and can thrive in temperatures between 50°F and 80°F. In hotter climates, they may need protection from extreme afternoon heat. Conversely, they are not frost-tolerant, so in colder regions, you’ll want to plant them after the danger of frost has passed or consider overwintering them indoors.
Adjusting these parameters according to your local climate and observing the plant’s response can help determine the best light and temperature conditions for your specific variety of Nasturtium.
Water and Humidity
Just like light and temperature, proper watering and humidity control are essential for the successful growth of your Nasturtium. Here is how you can manage these aspects:
- Water: Nasturtiums prefer well-drained soil and are somewhat drought-tolerant. Overwatering can lead to weaker plants and fewer blooms. Water deeply but infrequently, allowing the soil to dry out between waterings. The top one to two inches of soil should be dry to the touch before you water again. During hot, dry periods, you might need to water more often. Always water at the base of the plant to avoid wetting the foliage, which can encourage fungal diseases.
- Humidity: Nasturtiums can tolerate a range of humidity levels, but they do best in moderate to low humidity. High humidity can promote the growth of mildew and other fungal diseases. If you live in a high humidity area, ensure good air circulation around your plants and consider using a fungicide as a preventative measure. If you’re growing Nasturtiums indoors, a dehumidifier can help maintain appropriate humidity levels.
Remember, each variety of Nasturtium may have slightly different water and humidity needs. It’s always a good idea to monitor your plants regularly and adjust your care routine as needed to keep them healthy and vibrant.
Soil and pH Requirements
Nasturtiums are versatile plants that can adapt to a wide range of soil conditions, but they tend to thrive best in certain types of soil. Understanding these preferences can help you provide the best environment for your plants:
- Soil Type: Nasturtiums prefer well-draining soil. They can grow in poor soil and even in sandy or rocky conditions. Surprisingly, Nasturtiums often produce more flowers when grown in soil that is not overly rich. Overly fertile soil tends to result in more leaves and fewer flowers.
- pH Level: The ideal soil pH for Nasturtiums is slightly acidic to neutral (6.0 to 7.5). If your soil is too alkaline, you can lower the pH by adding organic matter like sphagnum peat moss. If the soil is too acidic, adding lime can help raise the pH.
- Soil Preparation: Before planting, prepare the soil by removing any rocks or debris and breaking up any compacted soil. If the soil is heavy clay, improve drainage by adding organic matter or sand. While it’s not necessary to add fertilizer, a light application of a balanced slow-release fertilizer can be beneficial, especially if the soil is particularly poor.
Remember, each variety of Nasturtium may have slightly different soil and pH preferences. Regular soil tests can help you keep track of your soil conditions and make adjustments as necessary. With the right soil conditions, your Nasturtiums can thrive and produce an abundance of vibrant, colorful flowers.
Fertilizer
Nasturtiums are low-maintenance plants and generally do not need additional fertilizer, especially if grown in reasonably fertile soil. Over-fertilizing can lead to excess foliage at the expense of blooms. But if your soil is depleted or particularly poor, a light application of a balanced, slow-release fertilizer can be beneficial. Here’s how to properly fertilize your Nasturtiums:
- When to Fertilize: If you decide to use fertilizer, it’s typically best to apply it at planting time. This can give the plants a good start and help them establish strong roots.
- What to Use: A balanced, slow-release fertilizer is recommended. Look for something with an NPK ratio of about 10-10-10. If you prefer organic solutions, a thin layer of compost or well-rotted manure can provide a good nutrient boost.
- How to Apply: Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for how much fertilizer to use. Generally, you will want to sprinkle it lightly around the base of the plants, being careful not to let it touch the stems or leaves as it could burn them. After applying the fertilizer, water thoroughly to help it soak into the soil and reach the roots.
- Monitoring Your Plants: After fertilizing, watch your plants closely to see how they respond. If they produce a lot of lush, green leaves but few flowers, you may have used too much fertilizer. In this case, cut back on the amount or stop fertilizing altogether. If the plants seem weak or unhealthy, a soil test could help you determine if a nutrient deficiency is the cause.
Remember, each variety of Nasturtium may have slightly different fertilizer needs. Adjust your application rates and schedules based on the specific needs of your plants and the condition of your soil.
Repotting Procedures
Nasturtiums, with their bright, cheerful flowers and beautiful foliage, can be successfully grown in pots. However, there may come a time when your Nasturtiums have outgrown their current pot and need to be moved to a larger one. Here’s a step-by-step guide to repotting your Nasturtiums:
- When to Repot: Nasturtiums typically need to be repotted when they become root-bound or when the plant appears to be too large for the pot. Signs of a root-bound plant include roots growing out of the drainage holes, the plant wilting quickly after watering, or the plant becoming top-heavy and prone to falling over.
- Choosing a New Pot: Select a new pot that is 1-2 sizes larger than the current one. Ensure the new pot has good drainage holes to prevent waterlogging.
- Preparing the New Pot: Fill the new pot one-third full with well-draining soil. If your soil is poor, consider mixing in some compost for added nutrients. Remember, Nasturtiums prefer slightly acidic to neutral pH, so check your soil pH and adjust accordingly.
- Removing the Plant: Water your Nasturtium plant well a few hours before repotting to help ease the shock. Gently tip the pot sideways, hold the plant by its base, and ease it out. Avoid pulling on the stems or leaves.
- Transplanting: Place the plant in the new pot. The top of the root ball should be level with the surface of the soil. Fill in around the plant with more soil, pressing down gently to eliminate air pockets.
- After Care: Water the plant thoroughly after repotting. Place the pot in a shaded area for a few days to allow the Nasturtium to adapt to its new environment before moving it back into full sun.
Remember, repotting can be stressful for plants, so try to do it during cooler weather or in the early morning or late evening when the sun is not too intense. Always monitor your Nasturtium closely after repotting and adjust care as needed.
Propagation of Nasturtiums
Nasturtiums can be propagated through division, cuttings, or seeds. Here’s a detailed guide for each method:
- Division: As mentioned in the previous segment, Nasturtiums can be divided during repotting. Simply separate the plant into two or more sections, ensuring each has a good amount of roots and foliage. Replant each section in its own pot or garden space, and provide ample water until new growth emerges.
- Cuttings: Propagation via cuttings involves taking a segment of stem, typically 4-6 inches long, preferably with a leaf node. Cut just below the node, remove lower leaves, and dip the cut end in rooting hormone. Plant the cutting in a pot filled with a mixture of half perlite and half peat moss, then keep it in a humid environment until roots develop. Once the plant has established, it can be moved to its permanent location.
- Seeds: Nasturtium seeds can be sown directly where you want them to grow or started indoors for earlier blooms. To plant, press the seeds into well-drained soil, following packet instructions for spacing and depth. Keep the soil moist until germination occurs, which typically takes 7-10 days. Once the seedlings have developed their first true leaves, they can be thinned or transplanted if necessary.
Remember, each method of propagation may be more suitable depending on your specific circumstances and the variety of Nasturtium you are growing. With proper care and attention, your propagated Nasturtiums should flourish, providing a vibrant display of color in your garden or home.
Pruning Procedures for Nasturtiums
Proper pruning is essential to ensure the health and vitality of your Nasturtium plants. Here’s a detailed guide on how to prune your Nasturtiums:
- When to Prune: Nasturtiums should generally be pruned in early spring before new growth begins, or anytime the plant becomes leggy or unruly. Regular deadheading throughout the growing season will also encourage more blooms.
- Tools Needed: Use sharp, clean pruning shears or scissors. It’s crucial to ensure that your tools are clean and disinfected to prevent the spread of disease.
- Pruning for Shape: Cut back any long, trailing vines that are out of place or causing the plant to lose its desired shape. Make your cuts just above a leaf node, which is where new growth will sprout.
- Deadheading: Remove spent flowers regularly to encourage the plant to produce more blooms. Simply snip off the flower stem just below the base of the spent flower.
- Thinning: If your Nasturtium is too dense, thin it out by removing some of the vines. This will increase air circulation, reducing the risk of fungal diseases.
- Dealing with Disease: If you notice any diseased or infested leaves or stems, prune them off immediately to prevent the issue from spreading. Dispose of these cuttings away from your garden to avoid contaminating other plants.
- Post-Pruning Care: After pruning, give the plant a good watering and consider applying a balanced fertilizer to encourage speedy recovery and new growth.
Remember to always prune with a plan. Over-pruning can stress the plant and stunt its growth. If done correctly, regular pruning can keep your Nasturtiums healthy, manageable, and continuously blooming throughout the season.
Troubleshooting Nasturtium Problems
Nasturtium plants are generally easy to grow and require little maintenance, but occasionally they may encounter certain problems. If your Nasturtium isn’t thriving as expected, there are several potential issues to consider including growing problems, pests, and diseases.
Growing Problems
- Yellow Leaves: This could be a sign of overwatering or poor drainage. Ensure your Nasturtium is planted in well-draining soil and only water when the top inch of soil is dry to touch.
- Lack of Blooms: This may be a result of too much nitrogen, which encourages leaf growth at the expense of flowers. Limit the use of high-nitrogen fertilizers and ensure your plant is getting plenty of sunlight.
- Leggy Growth: Insufficient light often results in spindly, elongated growth. If indoors, move your Nasturtium to a brighter location. If outdoors, consider replanting in a sunnier spot.
Pests
- Aphids: These small, sap-sucking insects can be a common problem. They can be washed off with a strong spray of water or controlled with organic insecticides.
- Caterpillars: Caterpillars may nibble on the leaves. Hand remove them or use a biological control like Bacillus thuringiensis.
Diseases
- Powdery Mildew: This fungal disease causes a white, powdery coating on leaves. Improve air circulation, avoid overhead watering, and apply a fungicide if necessary.
- Bacterial Leaf Spot: Small brown spots on leaves indicate this disease. Ensure good air circulation and avoid wetting leaves when watering. Infected leaves should be removed and disposed of to prevent the disease from spreading.
In all cases, preventative measures such as proper watering, adequate light, and good air circulation can significantly reduce the risk of these issues. Regular monitoring is essential for early detection and treatment of any problems.
Frequently Asked Questions about Nasturtium
Q1: How often should I water my Nasturtium plants?
A1: Nasturtium plants prefer well-drained soil and do not require frequent watering. Water only when the top inch of soil is dry to touch. Overwatering can lead to yellow leaves and root rot.
Q2: When is the best time to plant Nasturtium seeds?
A2: It’s best to plant Nasturtium seeds in the spring, after the last frost. However, they can also be started indoors 4-6 weeks before the last frost for earlier blooms.
Q3: Why are my Nasturtium leaves turning yellow?
A3: Yellow leaves can be a sign of overwatering or poor drainage. They may also indicate a lack of nutrients in the soil or a disease. Check your watering schedule and soil condition, and consider a soil test if necessary.
Q4: Why is my Nasturtium not blooming?
A4: A lack of blooms may be due to too much nitrogen in the soil, which promotes leaf growth over flower development. It could also be due to insufficient sunlight. Ensure your plant is getting plenty of sun and limit the use of high-nitrogen fertilizers.
Q5: What pests are most likely to affect my Nasturtium plants?
A5: Aphids and caterpillars are common pests for Nasturtiums. Aphids can be washed off with water or controlled with organic insecticides, and caterpillars can be hand removed or controlled with biological methods. Regular monitoring can help detect and control these pests early.
Q6: How do I treat powdery mildew on Nasturtiums?
A6: Powdery mildew, a fungal disease, can be controlled by improving air circulation, avoiding overhead watering, and applying a fungicide if necessary. Infected leaves should be removed and disposed of to prevent the disease from spreading.
Remember, every plant can face unique challenges based on its environment. Regular monitoring and prompt attention to any issues will help keep your Nasturtiums healthy and vibrant.